HYALEREC

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in humans, but low mortality, around 10 / 100,000 patients / year. It differs from other cancers by its high rate of cure, as well as a long term survival. Numerous treatment techniques are available and of comparable effectiveness: as a result it must be given importance to the short and long term side effects of these different treatments.

Prostate brachytherapy with permanent implants is thus one of the standard techniques for the treatment of localized prostate cancers of favorable grades (WHO grade 1-2).

In comparison with prostatectomy and RTE, brachytherapy allows low rates of long-term urinary toxicities, and comparable rates of erectile function preservation.

With regard to erectile dysfunction, their pathophysiology after irradiation is complex and poorly understood, including damage to the erector apparatus, innervation, vascularization, and of course the level of libido.

As an example, the radiotherapy team of the Lyon Sud hospital showed that the delivering a the lowest dose of radiation to the pudendal arteries and to the penile bulb during RTE, leads to erectile preservation rates comparable with those from the literature with nearly 85% of patients with erectile function retained at 2 years . They were also able to retrospectively show that a lower dose to the pudendal arteries correlated with better erectile function during brachytherapy.

The brachytherapy procedure requires general anesthesia and endorectal ultrasound, which are optimal conditions for injecting hyaluronic acid between the prostate, rectum, and pudendal arteries. This gesture has shown to induce very few morbidity. They want to demonstrate that the injection of hyaluronic acid during prostate brachytherapy will reduce the radiation dose to the pudendal arteries and penile bulb, and thus improve the rate of preservation of erectile function in selected patients.

This randomized phase III study comparing dyserection rates after CT performed with (Arm A) and without (Arm B) injection of HA, in a patient population without erectile dysfunction before treatment.